Disaster risk in Africa by country
Which countries are most at risk from disasters? The European Commission's INFORM Risk Index scores each country in Africa from 0 to 10 on the hazards it is exposed to, how vulnerable its people are, and how well it can cope. This page ranks 54 countries using INFORM Risk Index Mid 2026 (version 0.7.3, released 1 September 2026).
Read this first
INFORM measures the risk of a humanitarian crisis: that a disaster or conflict overwhelms a country and it needs outside help. Its overall score counts conflict as well as natural hazards, and it is high where people are poor and services are weak. So the overall ranking is not a list of the places with the most earthquakes or storms. For that, use the Natural hazard column, which is INFORM's own score for natural hazards alone.
This is a comparison between countries, not a forecast. A low score still means some risk. For warnings and decisions, follow the national disaster agency.
By region
Regions are INFORM's own groups (UN geographical regions).
Most exposed to natural hazards in Africa
Ranked by INFORM's Natural hazard score (earthquake, river flood, tsunami, tropical cyclone, coastal flood, drought and epidemic), world rank of 191.
- Somalia has a natural hazard score of 6.6 (Very High), 13th of 191. Highest: Drought 10.0, River Flood 7.8, Tsunami 6.7. Overall INFORM Risk 8.2 (Very High), ranked 2nd, with Vulnerability 9.4 and Lack of Coping Capacity 7.0.
- Egypt has a natural hazard score of 6.2 (High), 19th of 191. Highest: River Flood 9.9, Coastal flood 9.0, Tsunami 5.9. Overall INFORM Risk 5.1 (Medium), ranked joint 53rd, with Vulnerability 4.4 and Lack of Coping Capacity 4.0.
- Madagascar has a natural hazard score of 5.6 (High), joint 28th of 191. Highest: Epidemic 6.9, Tropical Cyclone 6.7, Tsunami 6.4. Overall INFORM Risk 5.7 (High), ranked joint 37th, with Vulnerability 5.5 and Lack of Coping Capacity 7.5.
- Mozambique has a natural hazard score of 5.3 (High), joint 34th of 191. Highest: Drought 7.1, Epidemic 6.7, River Flood 6.1. Overall INFORM Risk 7.1 (Very High), ranked joint 15th, with Vulnerability 6.9 and Lack of Coping Capacity 6.9.
- Nigeria has a natural hazard score of 4.7 (Medium), joint 50th of 191. Highest: River Flood 8.3, Epidemic 8.0, Coastal flood 6.5. Overall INFORM Risk 7.2 (Very High), ranked 14th, with Vulnerability 6.5 and Lack of Coping Capacity 7.1.
Highest overall INFORM Risk in Africa
Ranked by the overall INFORM Risk, which combines Hazard & Exposure (natural and human), Vulnerability and Lack of Coping Capacity. Equal scores share a rank.
- South Sudan ranks 1st of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 8.3 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Lack of Coping Capacity at 9.1. Its natural hazard score is 3.8 (highest: River Flood 7.7, Epidemic 7.2).
- Somalia ranks 2nd of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 8.2 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Vulnerability at 9.4. Its natural hazard score is 6.6 (highest: Drought 10.0, River Flood 7.8).
- DR Congo ranks 3rd of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 8.0 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Hazard & Exposure at 8.3. Its natural hazard score is 4.0 (highest: Epidemic 8.2, River Flood 7.0).
- Chad ranks 4th of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 7.9 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Lack of Coping Capacity at 8.4. Its natural hazard score is 4.0 (highest: River Flood 8.1, Epidemic 7.4).
- Central African Republic ranks joint 5th of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 7.8 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Lack of Coping Capacity at 8.6. Its natural hazard score is 3.1 (highest: Epidemic 8.0, River Flood 6.0).
- Niger ranks joint 5th of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 7.8 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Hazard & Exposure at 8.2. Its natural hazard score is 3.5 (highest: Epidemic 7.1, River Flood 6.6).
- Sudan ranks joint 5th of 191 with an INFORM Risk of 7.8 (Very High). Its highest dimension is Hazard & Exposure at 8.3. Its natural hazard score is 3.9 (highest: River Flood 8.7, Epidemic 6.1).
All 54 countries in Africa
Scores from 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest). Select a column heading to sort by it; select it again to reverse. The overall class is INFORM's; classes for the dimensions use INFORM's published thresholds.
| World rank | Country | INFORM Risk | Hazard & Exposure | Natural hazard | Vulnerability | Lack of Coping Capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Sudan | 8.3 Very High |
7.3 | 3.8 #97 |
8.7 | 9.1 |
| 2 | Somalia | 8.2 Very High |
8.3 | 6.6 #13 |
9.4 | 7.0 |
| 3 | DR Congo | 8.0 Very High |
8.3 | 4.0 #79 |
7.6 | 8.2 |
| 4 | Chad | 7.9 Very High |
7.2 | 4.0 #79 |
8.1 | 8.4 |
| =5 | Central African Republic | 7.8 Very High |
6.8 | 3.1 #134 |
8.0 | 8.6 |
| =5 | Niger | 7.8 Very High |
8.2 | 3.5 #107 |
7.3 | 7.8 |
| =5 | Sudan | 7.8 Very High |
8.3 | 3.9 #85 |
7.5 | 7.7 |
| =12 | Burkina Faso | 7.3 Very High |
7.6 | 2.6 #156 |
7.4 | 6.9 |
| =12 | Mali | 7.3 Very High |
8.2 | 4.0 #79 |
6.8 | 6.9 |
| 14 | Nigeria | 7.2 Very High |
8.1 | 4.7 #50 |
6.5 | 7.1 |
| =15 | Ethiopia | 7.1 Very High |
7.9 | 3.6 #103 |
6.8 | 6.6 |
| =15 | Mozambique | 7.1 Very High |
7.4 | 5.3 #34 |
6.9 | 6.9 |
| =17 | Cameroon | 6.7 High |
7.2 | 3.5 #107 |
6.5 | 6.5 |
| =17 | Uganda | 6.7 High |
6.7 | 3.9 #85 |
6.9 | 6.5 |
| =22 | Burundi | 6.5 High |
6.8 | 3.0 #140 |
6.5 | 6.1 |
| =26 | Benin | 6.1 High |
6.1 | 3.1 #134 |
5.2 | 7.1 |
| =26 | Kenya | 6.1 High |
6.9 | 4.1 #73 |
6.2 | 5.2 |
| =29 | Angola | 6.0 High |
6.3 | 3.0 #140 |
5.0 | 6.9 |
| =29 | Tanzania | 6.0 High |
6.8 | 4.1 #73 |
5.2 | 6.1 |
| =33 | Zambia | 5.8 High |
4.3 | 3.1 #134 |
6.7 | 6.7 |
| =37 | Madagascar | 5.7 High |
4.4 | 5.6 #28 |
5.5 | 7.5 |
| 40 | Congo (Republic) | 5.6 High |
4.6 | 3.3 #119 |
5.6 | 7.0 |
| =41 | Libya | 5.5 High |
5.0 | 3.3 #119 |
5.3 | 6.3 |
| =41 | Togo | 5.5 High |
5.2 | 2.4 #164 |
5.4 | 6.0 |
| =43 | Rwanda | 5.4 High |
5.9 | 2.8 #149 |
5.6 | 4.8 |
| =45 | Mauritania | 5.3 Medium |
3.8 | 4.6 #53 |
6.0 | 6.5 |
| =48 | Côte d'Ivoire | 5.2 Medium |
3.6 | 2.9 #144 |
6.3 | 6.3 |
| =48 | Djibouti | 5.2 Medium |
4.1 | 4.5 #60 |
5.7 | 6.1 |
| =48 | South Africa | 5.2 Medium |
6.6 | 3.9 #85 |
4.2 | 5.0 |
| =53 | Egypt | 5.1 Medium |
7.4 | 6.2 #19 |
4.4 | 4.0 |
| =53 | Ghana | 5.1 Medium |
6.2 | 3.3 #119 |
4.1 | 5.2 |
| 55 | Liberia | 5.0 Medium |
3.1 | 3.9 #85 |
5.6 | 7.0 |
| =56 | Zimbabwe | 4.9 Medium |
3.4 | 3.9 #85 |
5.9 | 5.8 |
| =61 | Guinea | 4.8 Medium |
3.8 | 3.7 #99 |
4.5 | 6.3 |
| =61 | Sierra Leone | 4.8 Medium |
3.1 | 3.7 #99 |
5.1 | 6.9 |
| 63 | Malawi | 4.7 Medium |
3.0 | 4.0 #79 |
6.0 | 5.9 |
| =64 | Senegal | 4.6 Medium |
3.9 | 4.5 #60 |
4.8 | 5.1 |
| =68 | Eritrea | 4.5 Medium |
2.8 | 3.2 #126 |
4.3 | 7.8 |
| =72 | Gambia | 4.3 Medium |
2.5 | 2.9 #144 |
5.3 | 6.0 |
| =72 | Morocco | 4.3 Medium |
5.0 | 4.3 #70 |
4.3 | 3.8 |
| =77 | Algeria | 4.2 Medium |
5.2 | 3.5 #107 |
3.4 | 4.1 |
| =77 | Guinea-Bissau | 4.2 Medium |
2.0 | 2.4 #164 |
4.8 | 7.5 |
| =77 | Namibia | 4.2 Medium |
2.7 | 4.1 #73 |
6.0 | 4.5 |
| =81 | Eswatini | 4.0 Medium |
3.4 | 1.8 #179 |
4.0 | 4.7 |
| =90 | Lesotho | 3.7 Medium |
1.7 | 2.0 #177 |
5.1 | 6.0 |
| =97 | Equatorial Guinea | 3.5 Low |
2.0 | 2.3 #168 |
3.1 | 7.2 |
| =97 | Gabon | 3.5 Low |
2.4 | 3.1 #134 |
3.1 | 5.8 |
| =100 | Tunisia | 3.4 Low |
3.6 | 4.4 #65 |
2.5 | 4.5 |
| =112 | Comoros | 3.1 Low |
1.1 | 1.9 #178 |
4.0 | 6.9 |
| =122 | Botswana | 2.9 Low |
1.4 | 2.1 #176 |
3.8 | 4.8 |
| =145 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 2.5 Low |
0.7 | 1.4 #189 |
4.0 | 5.3 |
| =152 | Cabo Verde | 2.4 Low |
0.9 | 1.6 #181 |
4.0 | 3.9 |
| =170 | Mauritius | 2.0 Very Low |
1.9 | 3.2 #126 |
1.7 | 2.4 |
| =186 | Seychelles | 1.5 Very Low |
1.2 | 2.2 #172 |
1.1 | 2.5 |
"=" marks a rank shared with another country. The small number under the natural hazard score is that country's world rank on natural hazards (computed here from INFORM's scores).
How INFORM works
INFORM scores three dimensions, each from 0 to 10:
- Hazard & Exposure: the events that could happen and the people exposed to them. It has two categories: Natural (earthquake, river flood, tsunami, tropical cyclone, coastal flood, drought and epidemic) and Human (conflict).
- Vulnerability: how susceptible people are to harm, whatever the hazard (socio-economic vulnerability and vulnerable groups).
- Lack of Coping Capacity: the lack of institutions and infrastructure to manage a disaster.
The overall INFORM Risk multiplies them: Risk = (Hazard & Exposure × Vulnerability × Lack of Coping Capacity)1/3. Because it is multiplicative, the risk is zero if any one dimension is zero, and a country very exposed to hazards can still have a low overall risk when it is well prepared. INFORM puts each score into five classes, from Very Low to Very High. Full detail: INFORM Risk methodology.
JRC's note on this release: “Score Comparability Notice (September 2026):Changes in the September 2026 INFORM Risk midterm release are driven entirely by external input data updates; methodology and historical series are unchanged. Due to the unusually large scale of input data changes, direct comparisons with the March 2026 release should be made with caution. Figures represent a standalone snapshot. Refer to source documentation for detailed information on source data updates.”
Source and citation
Data: INFORM Risk Index, European Commission Joint Research Centre, INFORM Risk Index Mid 2026 (version 0.7.3, released 1 September 2026), from the results and data page.
Citation, as INFORM asks:
INFORM. 2026. INFORM Risk Index midterm 2026. https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index. INFORM is a collaboration of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Reference Group on Risk, Early Warning and Preparedness and the European Commission. The European Commission Joint Research Centre is the scientific lead of INFORM.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. Changes made here: scores are shown to one decimal as published; the region filter, sorting, the dimension classes (from INFORM's thresholds) and the natural hazard ranks are this site's. JRC provides the data “as is”.
US natural disaster risk by county · Live disaster reports by country · All disaster tools