Global temperature and atmospheric CO₂
2025 was +1.18 °C against the 1951–1980 average, and atmospheric CO₂ averaged 426.10 ppm in Jul 2026.
Temperature from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, CO₂ from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory. Neither figure is adjusted here.
This is background, not a cause. A warmer atmosphere holds more moisture and a warmer ocean carries more energy, so heavy rainfall, heat extremes, drought and the most intense tropical cyclones all become more likely over decades. That is a statement about odds across many years. It is not a statement about any single flood, fire or storm on this site, and nobody can make one from a page like this. For what is actually happening, use the live alerts.
Which baseline this is measured against. NASA's anomaly is the difference from the 1951–1980 average. The 1.5 °C figure people know from the Paris Agreement is measured against 1850–1900 — an earlier and colder baseline. They are two different measurements and comparing them directly gives the wrong answer, so this page reports NASA's and does not convert it into anybody else's.
Global surface temperature anomaly, 1880–2025
Each point is one full calendar year, in degrees Celsius against the 1951–1980 average. 146 years.
2026 so far
2026 has no annual figure yet — it is not over. These are the months NASA has published.
| Month | Anomaly (°C) |
|---|---|
| Jan 2026 | +1.08 |
| Feb 2026 | +1.23 |
| Mar 2026 | +1.30 |
| Apr 2026 | +1.16 |
| May 2026 | +1.13 |
| Jun 2026 | +1.17 |
| Jul 2026 | +1.24 |
| Aug 2026 | +1.42 |
| Sep 2026 | +1.38 |
The warmest years on record
NASA's record begins in 1880. Ranked by the full-year anomaly.
| Rank | Year | Anomaly (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2024 | +1.28 |
| 2 | 2025 | +1.18 |
| 3 | 2023 | +1.17 |
| 4 | 2016 | +1.01 |
| 5 | 2020 | +1.01 |
| 6 | 2019 | +0.98 |
| 7 | 2017 | +0.91 |
| 8 | 2015 | +0.89 |
| 9 | 2022 | +0.89 |
| 10 | 2018 | +0.85 |
Atmospheric CO₂, 1979–2025
Global annual mean in parts per million, averaged across NOAA's marine surface sampling network. Not a single station.
Between 1979 and 2025 the global annual mean rose by 88.77 ppm, an increase of 26.4%. 1979 is where NOAA's global record starts, not a year chosen for effect.
Most recent monthly figure: 426.10 ppm in Jul 2026, or 427.55 ppm with the seasonal cycle removed. CO₂ rises and falls through the year as the northern hemisphere's plants grow and die back, which is why the second figure exists.
What these two numbers are
- Temperature anomaly, not temperature
- An anomaly is a difference from a baseline, not a reading off a thermometer. It is used because a difference can be averaged across thousands of stations in wildly different climates, and an absolute temperature cannot. “+1.29 °C” means that year averaged that much above the 1951–1980 average — not that anywhere was 1.29 °C.
- Parts per million
- CO₂ is measured as a dry air mole fraction: how many molecules of carbon dioxide there are in a million molecules of dry air. NOAA's global figure averages their marine surface sites, which is why it differs slightly from the Mauna Loa number that is quoted more often.
- Why a disaster site publishes them
- Everything else here is an event: it happened at a place, at a time, and an agency published it. These two are the conditions those events occur in. They shift what a normal decade looks like — and knowing which way the background is moving is different from, and much weaker than, a claim about any one of the events on this site.
Sources: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, GISTEMP v4 land-ocean temperature index · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, globally averaged marine surface CO₂. Both are read directly from the files those agencies publish. We reproduce their figures and add no index, adjustment or projection of our own. This page refreshes within twelve hours.
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